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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 114: e190056, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012667

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Fibrosis in the peripheral nerve is the end stage of leprous neuropathy and the cause of the resulting permanent neural function impairments. Preventive measures to avoid this irreversible pathological state are a relief strategy for leprosy sufferers. OBJECTIVES The present study describes the frequency of fibrosis along with its characterisation and pathogenic development. METHODS Six-hundred-and-thirteen nerve samples were sorted from 278 neural leprosy (NL) and 335 non-leprosy neuropathy patients (ON). The total number of samples was histologically examined by routine staining methods (haematoxylin-eosin, Wade staining and Gomori's trichrome) and fibrosis was evaluated via semi-quantitative estimation. FINDINGS Fibrosis was most frequent in the NL group (33% against 0.4% in ON) while fibrosis in association with endoneurial microfasciculation was found in 38 (41.3%) of the NL samples in the examination of semithin sections. Pericytic activation in the perivascular environment was confirmed to be the source of the fibroblasts and perineurial cells delimiting microfascicles. End-stage fibrosis in leprosy displays an arrangement of microfascicles devoid of neural components (i.e., Schwann cells and axons) lined by an intermediate phenotype of fibroblastic-perineurial cells filled with bundles of collagen fibres. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The present study underscores that fibrosis is frequently the severe end stage of neural leprosy NL pathogeny after analysing the notably distinct development of fibrosis within the neural environment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Fibrosis/diagnosis , Fibrosis/therapy , Leprosy, Tuberculoid/diagnosis , Leprosy, Tuberculoid/prevention & control
2.
An. bras. dermatol ; 93(1): 145-147, Jan.-Feb. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038263

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which affects peripheral nerves, skin and mucous membranes. The impairment of neural function as well as sensory or sensory-motor disabilities in leprosy continue to be a problem that requires careful attention in the management of patients with the aim to avoid or minimize their progression to prevent sequelae. One of the most common characteristics of these ulcers is the tendency to chronicity, with variable therapeutic response. In this article, we shall discuss the therapeutic management of thirteen trophic leprosy ulcers in eight patients using polyhexanide 0.2% products.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Foot Ulcer/drug therapy , Disinfectants/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Foot Ulcer/complications , Preliminary Data , Leprosy/complications
3.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 28: [1-4], jan.-dez. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-970215

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A Hanseníase é uma dermatose infectocontagiosa crônica, causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, caracterizada por apresentar formas clínicas contrastantes, que são dependentes da interação do bacilo com a resposta imune do hospedeiro. Apesar de curável, ela ainda é um problema de saúde pública relevante, pois persiste como endemia em muitos países, dentre eles o Brasil. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente, 58 anos, após tratamento quimioterápico para Carcinoma Ductal Invasivo da Mama, desenvolveu manchas com perda de sensibilidade que após exame clinico e anatomopatológico evidenciou se tratar de uma Reação Reversa Hansênica. DISCUSSÃO: O diagnóstico precoce da hanseníase permanece um importante desafio de saúde pública, principalmente devido à heterogeneidade das suas manifestações clínicas. No caso apresentado, a recuperação imunológica, após tratamento quimioterápico desencadeou a reação reversa hansênica, permitindo o reconhecimento da doença e a sua confirmação diagnóstica. CONCLUSÃO: O diagnóstico precoce da Hanseníase requer o conhecimento não apenas das suas formas clínicas, como também de seus episódios reacionais, já que são durante esses episódios, que ocorre piora das lesões neurológicas e aumento das incapacidades físicas. (AU)


Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic infectious contagious dermatosis caused by Mycobacterium leprae, characterized by presenting contrasting clinical forms, which are dependent on the interaction of the bacillus with a host immune response. Although curable, it is still a relevant public health problem, as it persists as an endemic disease in many countries, including Brazil. Case Description: Patient, 58 years old, after chemotherapy treatment for Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma of the Mama, developed spots with loss of sensitivity by clinical and anatomopathological examination evidenced whether it is a Reverse Hansen Reaction. Discussion: The prior diagnosis of leprosy remains an important public health challenge, mainly due to the heterogeneity of its clinical manifestations. In the case, an immunological recovery, a chemotherapeutic treatment triggered the leprosy reverse reaction, allowing the recognition of the disease and its diagnostic confirmation. Conclusion: The previous diagnosis of the applicant leprosy is not only in its clinical forms, but also in its reactional episodes, since it is during these episodes that worsening of the neurological lesions and increase of the physical incapacities occur. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Leprosy , Early Diagnosis , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/prevention & control , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
4.
An. bras. dermatol ; 92(4): 575-577, July-Aug. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038255

ABSTRACT

Abstract: One of the biggest challenges in treating leprosy is the control of reaction events. Patients with lepromatous leprosy may present reaction type II, or erythema nodosum leprosum, during treatment, and this reaction can remain in a recurrent form after being released from the hospital, requiring the use of thalidomide and/or prednisone for long periods of time, in turn increasing the risk of side effects. Two reports of the use of antiTNF to treat erythema nodosum leprosum were found in the literature. A good response was found after an assay with infliximab and etanercept. This study reports on a patient with lepromatous leprosy and recurrent reaction, controlled by using etanercept and a 10-month follow-up, with the interruption of thalidomide and the maintenance of prednisone at 10 mg/day.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Leprosy, Lepromatous/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Erythema Nodosum/drug therapy , Etanercept/therapeutic use , Thalidomide/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
5.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-903230

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the "Explanatory Model Interview Catalog - Stigma Scale" for people affected by leprosy in Brazil. METHODS After being authorized by the author of the scale to use it in the national context, we initiated the five steps process of cross-cultural adaptation: (1) translation, (2) synthesis meeting, (3) back-translation, (4) committee of experts and (5) pre-test. The internal consistency of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS The 15 items of the scale's original version were translated into Brazilian Portuguese. The adapted scale showed evidence of a good understanding of its content, attested both by experts and members of the target population. Its internal consistency was 0.64. CONCLUSIONS The adapted instrument shows satisfactory internal consistency. It may be useful in future studies that intend to provide broad situational analysis that supports solid public health programs with a focus on effective stigma reduction. In a later study, the construct's validity, criterion, and reproducibility will be evaluated.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever o processo de adaptação transcultural da "Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue - Stigma Scale" para pessoas afetadas por hanseníase no Brasil. MÉTODOS Após a autorização do autor da escala para seu uso no contexto nacional, deu-se início aos cinco passos do processo de adaptação transcultural: (1) tradução, (2) reunião de síntese, (3) retrotradução, (4) comitê de peritos e (5) pré-teste. A consistência interna da escala foi avaliada utilizando o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS Os 15 itens da versão original da escala foram traduzidos para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. A escala adaptada apresentou evidência de boa compreensão de seu conteúdo, atestada tanto por peritos como por membros da população alvo. Sua consistência interna foi de 0,64. CONCLUSÕES O instrumento adaptado apresenta consistência interna satisfatória. Pode ser útil em estudos futuros que intencionem viabilizar ampla análise situacional que sustente programas sólidos de saúde pública com enfoque na efetiva redução de estigma. Em estudo ulterior será avaliada a validade de constructo, critério e reprodutibilidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Surveys and Questionnaires , Social Stigma , Leprosy/psychology , Translations , Brazil , Language , Middle Aged
6.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 71(N ESP G2)jul. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-783141

ABSTRACT

O penfigoide bolhoso (PB) é uma dermatose bolhosa autoimune subepidérmica que comumente afeta indivíduos idosos. O desencadeamento da doença por medicamentos é conhecido, entretanto, pouco descrito na literatura, especialmente casos associados ao uso de enalapril. A interrupção do fármaco desencadeante constitui o pilar terapêutico, entretanto medicações podem ser necessárias. Descrevemos um caso de PB em um paciente com 45 anos associado ao uso do enalapril e discutimos sobre a variante de PB induzida por medicamentos.

7.
An. bras. dermatol ; 89(6): 925-938, Nov-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-727642

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis continues to draw special attention from health care professionals and society in general. Cutaneous tuberculosis is an infection caused by M. tuberculosis complex, M. bovis and bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Depending on individual immunity, environmental factors and the type of inoculum, it may present varied clinical and evolutionary aspects. Patients with HIV and those using immunobiological drugs are more prone to infection, which is a great concern in centers where the disease is considered endemic. This paper aims to review the current situation of cutaneous tuberculosis in light of this new scenario, highlighting the emergence of new and more specific methods of diagnosis, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the parasite-host interaction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/etiology , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/pathology , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Tuberculin Test , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(7): 944-947, 11/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728804

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of single-lesion paucibacillary leprosy remains a challenge. Reviews by expert dermatopathologists and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results obtained from 66 single-plaque biopsy samples were compared. Histological findings were graded as high (HP), medium (MP) or low (LP) probability of leprosy or other dermatopathy (OD). Mycobacterium leprae-specific genes were detected using qPCR. The biopsies of 47 out of 57 clinically diagnosed patients who received multidrug therapy were classified as HP/MP, eight of which were qPCR negative. In the LP/OD (n = 19), two out of eight untreated patients showed positive qPCR results. In the absence of typical histopathological features, qPCR may be utilised to aid in final patient diagnosis, thus reducing overtreatment and delay in diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/diagnosis , Mycobacterium leprae/genetics , Skin/pathology , Biopsy/classification , Decision Support Techniques , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/classification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Skin/injuries , Tertiary Care Centers
9.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 71(n.esp.g4)out. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-754424

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 43 anos, com esporotricose cutâneo linfática, transmitida por seu gato que apresentava lesão na face. O caso de esporotricose humana foi notificado e o felino encaminhado para avaliação veterinária.

10.
An. bras. dermatol ; 89(5): 792-795, Sep-Oct/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-720784

ABSTRACT

Acroangiodermatitis is an angioproliferative disease usually related to chronic venous insufficiency, and it is considered a clinical and histological simulator of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Immunohistochemistry is the suitable method to differentiate between these two entities. It reveals the following immunostaining profile: immunopositivity with anti-CD34 antibody is restricted to the vascular endothelium in acroangiodermatitis, and diffuse in the KS (endothelial cells and perivascular spindle cells); immunopositivity with anti-HHV-8 only in KS cases. We report the case of an HIV seropositive patient without apparent vascular disease, who presented violaceous and brownish erythematous lesions on the feet, and whose histopathology and immunohistochemistry indicated the diagnosis of acroangiodermatitis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Acrodermatitis/pathology , HIV Seropositivity/pathology , Hepatitis C/pathology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology , Syphilis/pathology , Acrodermatitis/drug therapy , Coinfection/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunohistochemistry , Skin/pathology
11.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 71(n.esp.g3)ago. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-750817

ABSTRACT

Diversas doenças infecciosas e não infecciosas podem causar lesões ulceronecróticas. Nas dermatoses por peçonhas e toxinas de animais e plantas, muitas vezes, o diagnóstico de certeza não é possível, fato corriqueiro nas urgências e emergências. Nestas situações, a avaliação clínica, laboratorial e o bom senso do dermatologista são importantes para a boa condução do caso. Os autores relatam um caso de úlcera cutânea por picada de causa desconhecida que evolui com insuficiência renal aguda. Após a terapia de suporte, com hidratação e analgesia, houve recuperação da função renal do paciente e a cura da ferida foi obtida.

12.
An. bras. dermatol ; 89(4): 663-665, Jul-Aug/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-715534

ABSTRACT

Furuncular myiasis occurs after larvae penetrate on the skin. The disease is characterized by the presence of a nodule with a central hole through which there is serosanguinous exudate drainage. The authors present a case of furuncular myiasis by Dermatobia hominis in which late diagnosis made it necessary to have the orifice margins surgically enlarged in order to extract the larva. They also emphasize that dermoscopy is a useful auxiliary tool in this diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Dermoscopy/methods , Myiasis/diagnosis , Diptera , Erythema/diagnosis
13.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 71(n.esp.g2)jun. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-725922

ABSTRACT

A hanseníase ainda constitui relevante problema de saúde pública brasileira, apesar da redução drástica no número de casos. O diagnóstico e tratamento tardios dificultam uma ação decisiva sobre a doença. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com diagnóstico e tratamento para lúpus eritematoso discoide (LED), que se tratava de hanseníase...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Leprosy , Public Health
14.
An. bras. dermatol ; 89(3): 507-509, May-Jun/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-711608

ABSTRACT

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud is a dermatosis that despite showing characteristic clinical signs is often poorly recognized and diagnosed. The authors present a case with extensive skin involvement, discuss its association with obesity and describe dermoscopic findings making the histopathological correlation.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Obesity/complications , Papilloma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Body Mass Index , Dermoscopy , Obesity/therapy , Papilloma/etiology , Papilloma/therapy , Skin Neoplasms/etiology , Skin Neoplasms/therapy , Treatment Outcome , Weight Loss
15.
An. bras. dermatol ; 89(2): 340-343, Mar-Apr/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-706968

ABSTRACT

Over the last few centuries, the expansion of urbanization brought bats closer to urbanized areas, increasing the risk of accidents by bat bites. The morphology of bat bites can be varied, usually having an elliptical shape, about 0.5 cm along its greatest length, and the characteristic corkscrew bite pattern. The authors present the case of a patient who was repeatedly bitten by vampire bats for two months. A polymerase chain reaction was performed in the cutaneous nerves at the base of the hair follicles which showed negativity towards the rabies virus. The authors highlight the public health importance of this case, and discuss the morphological characteristics of these hematophagous bat bites.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Male , Bites and Stings/pathology , Chiroptera , Skin/injuries , Biopsy , Brazil , Rabies virus , Skin Ulcer/pathology
16.
An. bras. dermatol ; 88(6,supl.1): 48-51, Nov-Dec/2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696822

ABSTRACT

Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare and aggressive skin tumor. It can be located in any area of the body, the most commonly involved area being the periorbital region. It does not entail a typical clinical presentation, which explains the often late diagnosis. The aim of this report is to outline the rarity of the disease and its atypical clinical description, since to this day, inguinal ulcers with clinical manifestation have not been reported. We present and discuss a case of sebaceous carcinoma with an unusual clinical presentation, in an elderly male patient. The precise approach to genital ulcers, as shown in this case, is a diagnostic challenge that requires a great deal of effort on the part of the clinician.


O carcinoma sebáceo é um tumor cutâneo raro e agressivo. Pode localizar-se em qualquer área do corpo sendo a região periorbital a mais comumente envolvida. Ele não tem uma apresentação clínica típica, o que explica o diagnóstico frequentemente tardio. O objetivo deste relato é apresentar a raridade da doença e uma descrição clínica atípica, uma vez que, até a presente data, não foi relatada úlcera inguinal como manifestação clínica. Apresentamos e discutimos um caso de carcinoma sebáceo, com uma apresentação clínica incomum em um paciente idoso do sexo masculino. A abordagem de úlceras genitais, como mostrado no presente caso, é um desafio diagnóstico que requer uma grande quantidade de esforço por parte do clínico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma/pathology , Inguinal Canal/pathology , Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Ulcer/pathology , Biopsy , Immunohistochemistry
17.
An. bras. dermatol ; 88(5): 787-792, out. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-689738

ABSTRACT

A type 1 reaction or reversal reaction is expressed clinically by inflammatory exacerbation of the skin lesions and nerve trunks, consequently leading to sensory and motor alterations. It occurs in non-polar forms of leprosy, although it can occur in a small percentage of sub-polar LL treated patients. Disabilities, deformities and morbidity, still present in leprosy, are mainly caused by these acute episodes. The recognition of reactional states is imperative for an early approach and efficient management, to avoid the emergence of disabilities that stigmatize the disease. This review aims to describe the clinical aspects, immunopathogenesis, epidemiology, histopathological features and therapeutics of type 1 reactions.


A reação do tipo 1 ou reação reversa expressa-se clinicamente por uma exacerbação inflamatória das lesões de pele e de troncos nervosos, levando a alterações sensitivas e motoras. Ocorre nas formas não-polares da hanseníase, embora possa ocorrer numa pequena percentagem de pacientes LL tratados. As incapacidades físicas, deformidades e morbidade, ainda presentes na hanseníase, são causadas principalmente por esses episódios agudos. O reconhecimento dos estados reacionais é imperativo para uma abordagem precoce e manejo adequado, evitando a instalação de incapacidades que tanto estigmatizam a doença. Esta revisão tem como objetivo descrever aspectos clínicos, imunopatogênese, epidemiologia, características histopatológicas e terapêutica do estado reacional do tipo 1.


Subject(s)
Humans , Leprosy, Multibacillary , Leprosy, Paucibacillary , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Early Diagnosis , Leprostatic Agents/therapeutic use , Leprosy, Multibacillary/drug therapy , Leprosy, Multibacillary/pathology , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/drug therapy , Leprosy, Paucibacillary/pathology , Risk Factors , Skin/pathology
18.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 70(esp,2)maio 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-683437

ABSTRACT

A hanseníase é uma doença endêmica no Brasil e constitui grave problema de saúde pública. Em números absolutos, o Brasil é o segundo país que mais registra novos casos da doença por ano no mundo. O tratamento da hanseníase compreende: quimioterapia específica, supressão dos surtos reacionais, prevenção de incapacidades físicas, reabilitação física e psicossocial. A síndrome sulfona é uma condição multissistêmica potencialmente grave que pode ocorrer durante o tratamento de algumas dermatoses, entre elas a hanseníase. Relatamos um caso de síndrome de hipersensibilidade à dapsona (SHD) em um paciente masculino, de 32 anos, ocorrida durante o tratamento de hanseníase multibacilar...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Dapsone/analysis , Dapsone/pharmacology , Dapsone/chemical synthesis , Dapsone , Leprosy, Multibacillary , Sulfones/analysis , Sulfones/classification , Sulfones/immunology
19.
Pediatr. mod ; 49(1)jan. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-677772

ABSTRACT

Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente de 14 anos, do sexo feminino, com eritema nodoso hansênico, em tratamento com predinisona em altas doses, de difícil controle há dois anos, que iniciou o quadro concomitante à introdução de poliquimioterapia para tratamento de hanseníase multibacilar. O manuseio do eritema nodoso hansênico em pacientes pediátricos é um grande desafio na área médica. O único tratamento formalmente indicado é a prednisona, já que a talidomida está contraindicada em pacientes menores de 12 anos e mulheres em idade reprodutiva. É sabida a grande quantidade de efeitos colaterais deletérios da corticoterapia crônica em crianças; além disso, ainda há pacientes refratários ao tratamento. Portanto, fica evidente a necessidade de discussão da terapêutica atual, sendo de suma importância o incentivo à pesquisa de novas drogas para o combate a essa moléstia...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Child , Erythema Nodosum , Leprosy
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 10(6)nov.-dez. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-657336

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Na última metade do século XX, o advento da penicilina e a maior atenção às iniciativas que visam prevenção das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis representaram um grande avanço no combate à sífilis. No entanto, a sua prevalência no Brasil ainda é elevada e constitui um importante problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a apresentação da variedade das manifestações clínicas da sífilis secundária, incluindo formas incomuns e reflexos de sua associação com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). RELATO DOS CASOS: São apresentados e discutidos quatro casos de lues secundária tratados com penicilina benzatina, sendo cada um com clínica peculiar: lesões palmo-plantares em conjunto com pápulas disseminadas pelo corpo, sifilides elegantes, sífilis maligna precoce e alopécia. Sintomatologia sistêmica também é discutida quando presente, assim como a relação entre a coinfecção com o HIV e provas laboratoriais. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se neste estudo a capacidade de polimorfismo das lesões dermatológicas da sífilis secundária reforçando a expressão que a doença recebe de "o grande imitador" e destaca a necessidade de refamiliarização para com as diversas formas clínicas do secundarismo das lues.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the last half of 20th century, the advent of penicillin and more attention to initiatives aimed at prevention of sexually transmitted diseases represent a major breakthrough in the fight against syphilis. However, the prevalence of syphilis in Brazil is still high and so it is an important public health problem. The main purpose of these reports is the presentation of the variety of clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis, including unusual presentations and aspects of its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). CASE REPORTS: Presented and discussed four cases of secondary syphilis treated with penicillin G benzathine, each with thefollowings presentations: palmoplantar papules and disseminated lesions, syphilids elegant, early malignant syphilis and alopecia. Systemic symptoms when present are also discussed, as well as the relationship between co-infection with HIV and laboratory tests. CONCLUSION: The study reflects the polymorphism of the skin lesions of secondary syphilis enhancing the expression that the disease was "the great imitator" and highlights the need to re-familiarization with the various forms of secondary syphilis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Syphilis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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